T I M E L I N E (C O N T D .)

In 1962, Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider, or "Lick," assumed leadership of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), an arm of the military-industrial complex that Bush helped establish to help the military use computers effectively. Licklider was praised by his contemporaries for directing DARPA projects that had broad benefits.

Although Licklider left DARPA in 1964, the network he invisioned (ARPAnet), which would eventually become the internet, took shape under the guidance of Lawrence Roberts.

In 1968, Licklider and Robert W. Taylor, published the highly influential article, The Computer as a Communication Device, which began with the bold statement: "In a few years, men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face." In this article Licklider puts forth the ideas of both a personal and global computer network. As well as speech and handwriting recognition.