Tuesday, November 21, 2006

TIMELINE (CONDT.)

Pelle Ehn and Morten Kyng are best known as the leaders of the Utopia project (which is a Scandinavian acronym for "Training, Technology and Products from the Quality of Work Perspective"). The project was carried out in the early 1980s, before graphic user interfaces were widely available. The essay, written in 1991 titled, Cardboard Computers: Mocking-It-Up or Hands-On the Future discusses some of the production done in the Utopia project.

Also in 1991 Chip Morningstar and F. Randall Farmer wrote, The Lessons of Lucasfilm's Habitat, in which they describe there invention Habitat--a virtual world that presented a two-and-a-half-dimensional view to users using modem-linked Commodore 64s. This primitive graphical environment provided numerous lessons in online interaction and the shared experience of a simulated world.

J. David Bolter's 1991, Seeing and Writing points out that although writing is visual, the appreciation of the visual aspects of it competes with understanding what is written. A competition that can be healthy or destructive. He also describes how the history of typography and printing relates to the present movement of writing onto the computer screen.

Stuart Moulthrop thoroughly discusses Hypertext in his essay, You Say You Want a Revolution?: Hypertext and the Laws of Media (1991).

What is the end of books? Among them are provocation, the communication of different perspectives, the pleasing rearrangement of thought through language narrative and many more possible ends that Robert Coover describes in his 1992, The End of Books.

Scott McCloud is sometimes referred to as the Aristotle of comics. What Aristotle did for Attic drama in the 'Poetics', Scott has done for comics. He explained how comic format works and the underlying structures and techniques are and began defining comics as "sequential art."

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