T I M E L I N E ( C O N T D . )

Also in the early 1960s, Ivan Sutherland developed what is known as the Sketchpad system. This program enabled "a user and a computer to converse rapidly through the medium of line drawings," Susan Brennan explained. The system not only allowed people to draw on a computer display, but it also made people realize that a computer screen was more that just a replacement for a piece of paper. The Sketchpad system was the skeleton of all todays human-computer interaction and graphics software.

In 1961, Roy Ascott published an article titled The Construction of Change, in which he discusses the connection between cybernetics and art (and art education). The article was the first publication on education in the area of new media art. In 1964, Ascott presented the idea of telematic art (which he later became a pioneer and primary articulator of), in which an artist creates a system for communication and collaboration between physically dispersed individuals.